The Kingdom of Sweden, a limited constitutional monarchy located in northern Europe between Norway and Finland, has an area of 173,732 sq. mi. (449,964 sq. km.) and a population of 8.9 million. Capital: Stockholm. Mining, lumbering and a specialized machine industry dominate the economy. Machinery, paper, iron and steel, motor vehicles and wood pulp are exported. ,Sweden was founded as a Christian stronghold by Olaf Skottkonung late in the 10th century. After conquering Finland late in the 13th century, Sweden, together with Norway, came under the rule of Denmark, 1397-1523, in an association known as the Union of Kalmar. Modern Sweden had its beginning in 1523, when Gustavus Vasa drove the Danes out of Sweden and was himself chosen king. Under Gustavus Adolphus II and Carl VII, Sweden was one of the great powers of 17th century Europe ? until Carl invaded Russia, 1708, and was defeated at the Battle of Pultowa in June 1709. Early in the 18th century, a coalition of Russia, Poland and Denmark took away Sweden?s Baltic empire and in 1809 Sweden was forced to cede Finland to Russia. Norway was ceded to Sweden by the Treaty of Kiel in January 1814. The Norwegians resisted for a time but later resigned the Act of Union at the Convention of Moss in August 1814. The Union was dissolved in 1905 and Norway became independent.,, Rulers:,,, ,Karl XI, 1660-1697,, ,Karl XII, 1697-1718,, ,Ulrica Eleonora, 1719-1720,, ,Frederic I, 1720-1751,, ,Adolf Frederic, 1751-1771,, ,Gustaf III, 1771-1792,, ,Gustaf IV Adolf, 1792-1809,, ,Karl XIII, 1809-1818, ,Karl XIV John, 1818-1844, ,Oscar I, 1844-1859, ,Karl XV, 1859-1872, ,Oscar II, 1872-1907, ,Gustaf V, 1907-1950, ,Gustaf VI Adolf, 1950-1973, Monetary System:,, ,1 Daler Smt. = 32 Ore Smt. (= 3 Daler Kmt.), 1665, ,1 Riksdaler = 48 Shilling (= 18 Daler Kmt.), 1777, ,1 Riksdaler = 1 ½ Riksdaler Riksgald, 1803, ,1 Riksdaler Specie = 2 2/3 Riksdaler Banco = 4 Riksdaler Riksgald, 1834, ,1 Riksdaler Riksmynt = 100 Ore (= ¼ Riksdaler Specie = 1 Riksdaler , ,,Riksgald), 1855 ,1 Krona = 100 Ore (= 1 Riksdaler Riksmynt), 1873 Monetary Abbreviations:, ,DALER SMT. = Daler Silvermynt ,DALER KMT. = Daler Kopparmynt ,KOP. SK. = Kopparmynt ,RKD. = Riksdaler ,RKD. SP. = Riksdaler Specie ,RKD. BC. = Riksdaler Banco ,RKD. RMT. = Riksdaler Riksmynt ,RKD. RGD. = Riksdaler Riksgald ,SK. = Schillangar ,SK. Kop. = Kropparschillingar ,Kr. = Krona (Kronor)