The Azores, an archipelago of nine islands of volcanic origin, are located in the Atlantic Ocean 740 miles (1,190 km.) west of Cape de Roca, Portugal. They are under the administration of Portugal, and have an area of 902 sq. mi. (2,336 sq. km.) and a population of 252,000. Principal city: Ponta Delgada. The natives are mainly of Portuguese descent and earn their livelihood by fishing, wine making, basket weaving, and the growing of fruit, grains and sugar cane. Pineapples are the chief item of export. The climate is particularly temperate, making the islands a favorite winter resort. ,The Azores were discovered about 1427 by the Portuguese navigator Diago de Silves, Portugal secured the islands in the 15th century and established the first settlement, on Santa Maria, about 1432. From 1580 to 1640 the Azores were subject to Spain.,, ,Angra on Terceira Island became the capital of the capacity-general of the Azores in 1766 and it was here in 1826 that the constitutionalists set up a pro-Pedro government in opposition to King Miguel in Lisbon. The whole Portuguese fleet attacked Terceira Island and was repelled at Praia, after which Azoreans were subject to Spain.,, ,A U.S. naval base was established at Ponta Delgada in 1917.,, ,After World War II, the islands acquired a renewed importance as a refueling stop for transatlantic air transport. The United States maintains defense bases in Azores as part of the collective security program of NATO.,, ,Since 1976 the Azores are an Autonomous Region with a regional government and parliament.,, Rulers:,,, ,Portuguese,, Monetary System:,,, ,1 Mil Reis = 1,000 Reis to 1910,, ,1 Escudo = 100 Centavos 1910-,,