The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is located in western Europe between Belgium, Germany and France. It has an area of 998 sq. mi. (2,586 sq. km.) and a population of 430,000. Capital: Luxembourg. The economy is based on steel ? Luxembourg?s per capita production of 16 tons is the highest in the world. ,Founded about 963, Luxembourg was prominent country of the Holy Roman Empire; one of its sovereigns became Holy Roman Emperor as Henry VII, 1308. After being made a duchy by Emperor Charles IV, 1534, Luxembourg passed under the domination of Burgundy, Spain, Austria and France in 1443-1815. It regained autonomy under the Treaty of Vienna, 1815, as a grand duchy in union with the Netherlands, though ostensibly a member of the German Confederation. When Belgium seceded from the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in 1830, Luxembourg was forced to cede its greater western section to Belgium. The tiny duchy left the German Confederation in 1867 when the Treaty of London recognized it as an independent state and guaranteed its perpetual neutrality. Luxembourg was occupied by Germany and liberated by American forces in both world wars.,, Rulers:,,, ,William III (Netherlands), 1849-90 (represented by brother Henry),, ,Adolphe, 1890-1905,, ,William IV, 1905-12,, ,Marie Adelaide, 1912-19,, ,Charlotte, 1919-64,, ,Jean, 1964-,, Monetary System:,,, ,1 Thaler = 30 Groschen,, ,1 Mark = 100 Pfennig = 1 Franc (Franken) 25 Centimes,, ,1 Franc = 100 Centimes,,